中美洲自由貿易協定: 哥斯大黎加的不同觀點

出自Taipedia

原文鏈接：CAFTA: Point of Disagreement in Costa Rica
作者：Roy Rojas
翻譯：Joyce
校稿：

譯文	原文
編者備註： Juliana Rincón Parra曾為我們揭露對於哥斯大黎加當局承認中美洲自由貿易協定引起的大規模反彈，然而聖荷西當地的Roy Rojas堅持我們也應展現哥斯大黎加國內和其部落圈對中美洲自由貿易協定的支持，以下文章是由原文為西班牙文所翻譯。	Editor’s Note: Juliana Rincón Parra has already shown us the extensive opposition to Costa Rica’s ratification of the Central American Free Trade Agreement. However, San Jose-based Roy Rojas was adamant that we also show the support for CAFTA in Costa Rica and its blogosphere. The following post has been translated from its original Spanish.
過去兩年在中美洲及多明尼加共和國，許多政治議論集中在來自美國所提出的自由貿易協定衍生的利與弊；自外於相關國家，哥斯大黎加是唯一未簽署中美洲自由貿易協定的國家，這是由於少數黨的反對並試圖綁架立法院及阻擾所有國會進展。	In the last two years, in Central America and the Dominican Republic, a lot of political discussion has centered around the good and the bad that would come from the proposed free trade agreement with the United States. Out of all the countries involved, Costa Rica is the only one that has not ratified the Central American Free Trade Agreement. This is because an opposition of minority parties has tried to kidnap the Legislative Assembly and to obstruct all parliamentary progress.
實際上在已簽署的國家 - 以尼加拉瓜及薩爾瓦多為例 - 對美國的出口額大幅增加且失業人口並未如同反對人士所警告的上升，使工會不支持與一個如同消費者國家的美國交易的恐懼，難道是此刻哥斯大黎加已經每年出口數百萬美元嗎?	What has in fact happened in the countries that have ratified - Nicaragua and El Salvador for example - is that exports to the US have increased significantly and unemployment has not gone up as opponents had warned. What is the fear keeping labor unions from supporting a deal with a country as consumerist as the United States, where, at the moment, Costa Rica already exports millions of dollars every year?
為何這麼多諸如美洲開發銀行(I.A.D.B.)與中美洲經濟整合銀行(BCIE)的經濟學者與專家專注在此議題?如工會所堅持的：“其中某些人可能弄錯了並宣稱想要將我們帶入災難裡”，這簡直難以置信；我們不可以對一個像美國的廣大市場緊閉大門，雖然目前因為我們「加勒比海說法的提議」（譯注：由委內瑞拉和古巴所提出的玻利瓦爾替代協議取代美國所提出的 CAFTA ）而遭到排除在貿易協定之外，但這計畫隨時可能被取消，此外我們將會被排除而無法輸出我們的農產品、科技產品以及紡織品到一個養育數以千計哥斯大黎加人的市場。	How is it that so many economists and experts on the subject, like those of the Inter-American Development Bank (I.A.D.B.) and Central American Bank of Economic Integration (BCIE), among others, could be mistaken and allegedly want to drag us into a catastrophe like the unions insist. This is simply inconceivable. We cannot close our doors to a great market like the United States, which, although we are currently insulated from by the “Initiative of the Caribbean Account”, this program could be eliminated at any time. And we would be left unable to export our agricultural products, technologies, and textiles to a market that feeds thousands of Costa Ricans.
根據經濟部提供的資料，國內紡織廠無力與免關稅就能輸出產品至美國的其他製造業國家競爭而敗退，13,000的人也將隨之失業，這些離開哥斯大黎加的企業，接著將會在已簽署協定地區的其他國家設立；此時在哥斯大黎加的部分地區，紡織部門扶養將近78%的工作者，在2007年自哥斯大黎加的織品輸出額相較於前年減少11%，同時在部分中美洲自由貿易協定區域的國家，織品輸出額增加了17%，這使我們懷疑是否協定真的無法對我們有助益。	According to data provided by the Ministry of Economy, 13,000 people could be unemployed with the exit of textile manufacturers from the country as it would be impossible to compete with other manufacturing countries that are able to export their products, without tariffs, to the United States. These companies leaving Costa Rica would then install in some other country of the region that has ratified the treaty. At the moment, in some zones of Costa Rica, the textile sector provides almost 78% of employment. In 2007, textile exports from Costa Rica diminished 11% compared to the previous year. Meanwhile, in countries of the region that are part of CAFTA, textile exports have increased 17%, which makes us wonder if the treaty really wouldn’t benefit us.
現在最有爭議性的議題之一就是開放電信產業以增加競爭(這不等同於私有化)，關於這個主題有許多觀點存在，就像Fusil de Chispas經常參考有多個電信服務供給者的其他國家的資料，例如這則佈告指引讀者閱讀一篇來自線上雜誌 "機密" 的文章，這則文章指出在哥斯大黎加我們享有低關稅，即使我們在全世界每人手機使用排第三。	Now, one of the subjects that has been most controversial is the opening of the telecommunications industry to more competition (which does not equate to privatization). Many points of view exist about the topic, such as in Fusil de Chispas [ES], which frequently makes references to data from other countries where there are multiple suppliers of telecom services, such as this post pointing readers [ES] to an article from the online magazine Confidential, which points out the low tariffs that we have in Costa Rica [ES], even though we are third in cell phone use per capita worldwide.
在2000年時，科斯大黎加的手機服務關稅是中美洲最低，比次低的薩爾瓦多還低50%，這是根據尼加拉瓜的南方貝爾公司提供的以服務品質卓稱的線上雜誌 "機密" 所出版的詳盡報導。	In 2000, the tariff by the cellular service in Costa Rich she was lowest of Central America, and was more than 50% lower than second place El Salvador. That is according to a complete report [ES] published by the online magazine, Confidential [ES], on the quality of the service offered by BellSouth in Nicaragua.
因此，假如我們清楚我們不會擁抱私有化，而且我們所擁有的只是更多的競爭，那麼為何恐懼讓其他企業提供手機及網路服務呢？假如目前的供應商"ICE"是這地區及幾乎世界最便宜的，那麼假如其他企業也進來又怎麼樣呢？競爭造福所有的用戶，ICE或許將改善他們的服務而外國的服務供給者將必須以其低價競爭，一個哥斯大黎加青年們的組織「青年發展協會」有一個部落格主要在討論自由貿易協定(如：「論大學與中美自由貿易協定」、「跨國投資者仲裁」、「我們的發展在哪？」…等)，這顯示了一個在自由貿易主題上意見多樣化的清楚範例，當抉擇的時刻到來時，沒有人可以說毫無任何資訊。	And so, if we are clear that we will not have privatization, and what we will have is just more competition, then why is there fear of letting other companies offer cellular and internet service? If the current provider, ICE, is the cheapest of the region and practically the world, than what does it matter if others come also? Competition benefits all of the users. ICE would likely improve their service and foreign service providers would have to compete with their low prices. The Association of Young people for the Development [ES], an organization of Costa Rican youths, has a weblog that deals mostly with the free trade agreement (State Universities and CAFTA [ES], State-investor Arbitration [ES], Where is our progress? [ES] , etc), It shows a clear example of the diversity of opinions on the topic of free trade. When the moment arrives for deciding, nobody it can say there was no information.
支持自由貿易協定並非意味著我們支持北美政府，也不代表我們同意它各式各樣的國際政策，但我們體認到小國家需要商業夥伴，我們需要他們的市場而且我們需要進入他們目前沒有管制的市場的保障權利條約，藉著條約(簽訂)，我們擁有不容許他們在未來阻擾我們進入的契約。	Supporting the free trade agreement does not mean that we support the North American government. Nor that we agree with its manifold international policies. But we recognize that, as a small country, we need a commercial partner. We need their market and we need a treaty which guarantees the right to their market which are now without control. With a treaty, we have a “contract” that would not allow them from preventing our entrance in the future.